2/6/2024 0 Comments Trace and macro minerals![]() Needed for production of hydrochloric acid in the stomach, in cellular pump functions and required in host defense Sweet potato, tomato, potato, beans, lentils, dairy products, seafood, banana, prune, carrot, orange Roles in biological processes Dietary elementĪ systemic electrolyte and is essential in coregulating ATP with sodium They also tend to have soluble compounds at physiological pH ranges: elements without such soluble compounds tend to be either non-essential (Al) or, at best, may only be needed in traces (Si). Most of the known and suggested mineral nutrients are of relatively low atomic weight, and are reasonably common on land, or for sodium and iodine, in the ocean. The United States and Japan designate chromium as an essential nutrient, but the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), representing the European Union, reviewed the question in 2014 and does not agree. No Cr-containing biochemical has been purified. For example, whether chromium is essential in humans is debated. Some diversity of opinion exist about the essential nature of various ultratrace elements in humans (and other mammals), even based on the same data. Total fractions in this paragraph are amounts based on summing percentages from the article on chemical composition of the human body. The remaining ~18 ultratrace minerals comprise just 0.15% of the body, or about one hundred grams in total for the average person. Together these eleven chemical elements (H, C, N, O, Ca, P, K, Na, Cl, S, Mg) make up 99.85% of the body. The other major minerals (potassium, sodium, chlorine, sulfur and magnesium) make up only about 0.85% of the weight of the body. Phosphorus occurs in amounts of about 2/3 of calcium, and makes up about 1% of a person's body weight. Calcium makes up 920 to 1200 grams of adult body weight, with 99% of it contained in bones and teeth. Oxygen, hydrogen, carbon and nitrogen are the most abundant elements in the body by weight and make up about 96% of the weight of a human body. Nineteen chemical elements are known to be required to support human biochemical processes by serving structural and functional roles, and there is evidence for around ten more. ![]() Main article: Composition of the human body Many molybdates are sources of molybdenum.Įssential chemical elements for humans For example, molybdenum is an essential mineral, but metallic molybdenum has no nutritional benefit. To be absorbed, minerals either must be soluble or readily extractable by the consuming organism. Larger organisms may also consume soil ( geophagia) or use mineral resources, such as salt licks, to obtain minerals.įinally, although mineral and elements are in many ways synonymous, minerals are only bioavailable to the extent that they can be absorbed. Plants are ingested by animals, thus moving minerals up the food chain. ![]() The minor minerals (also called trace elements) compose the remainder and are usually the focus of discussions of minerals in the diet. They are sometimes referred to as macrominerals. These elements are usually not included in lists of nutrient minerals. įour elements comprise 96% of the human body by weight: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen) ( CHON). They are iron, chlorine, cobalt, copper, zinc, manganese, molybdenum, iodine, and selenium. The remaining elements are called " trace elements". The five major minerals in the human body are calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and magnesium. Minerals are one of the four groups of essential nutrients, the others of which are vitamins, essential fatty acids, and essential amino acids. Some "minerals" are essential for life, most are not. In the context of nutrition, a mineral is a chemical element. Chemical element required as an essential nutrient by organisms to perform life functions Carbonic anhydrase, an enzyme that requires zinc (gray sphere near the center of this image), is essential for exhalation of carbon dioxide.
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